The Impact Of Global Media On Identity

The Impact Of Global Media On Identity Nowadays, major changes are taking place in the information and communications media as a result of new technological forms being delivered to us. Morley and Robins (1995) seem implicitly take this view when they write about our senses of space and place [] are being significantly reconfigured (Morley and Robins, 1995: 1). They are exemplifying the new communications geography constituted by global networks and information flow which result in proliferated crisis of the national sphere. The changes described are effects of an ongoing process called globalization which we are all aware of as nowadays it is one of the main buzzwords. Moreover awareness extends to the fact that we are living in times of growing cultural globalism where global media has a significant impact on our lives. Therefore the aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between global media and its impact on national identity and culture. For some, through Western domination there is a homogenization and sameness forming across the world. Global culture is being shaped by international entertainment conglomerates and for that reason becomes standardized. A discussion in the first part of the paper as a result will be formed around this topic. In contrast, the second part of the analysis will focus on the works of other writers who believe that we are living in the age of hybridised cultures, which borrow elements from each other but irremediably remain distinct. For the purposes of this paper we must establish what is meant by terms identity and culture. Identity will refer to portrayal ones hold for them and with which they identify, while culture should refer to a variety of practices which generate meanings (Barker, 1999: 9). Creation of the Global Media The time after the 1980s led to major changes in terms of new communication technologies, digitalization of information and increase in deregulations and privatization in different sectors, including media. Privatization mostly affected United States what brought a direct impact upon the degree of exclusivity of the markets, allowing other players to improve their own standards and overall stamp economically (Morley Robins, 1995). The free market allowed other organizations to gain more dominance in the global arena. All of the changes resulted in other countries privatizing their telecoms (Thussu, 2006). The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) conducted a push toward creation of protected markets of World Trade Organization (WTO) which is holding up the structure of the free flow of information. WTO also led the way for penetration of Western markets to Asia and Latin America (Thussu, 2006). The crucial benefit of this was that key players were not more able to wholly dominate the markets to a significant degree as was the case prior to such legal regimes. The progress in technology and telecommunications made possible the transfer of extremely large data to any part of the world within seconds what unquestionably had a huge impact on economy and trade. Additionally, the growth of digitalization and new technologies like computers, mobiles or satellites allowed fast and cheap communication around the world. It had an impact on growing international businesses which could be now operate by electronic marketplace (Herman McChesney, 1997). Privatization and ongoing competition in satellites caused the domination of few nations within the market. USA and Britain being main controllers even of Intelsat which is an intergovernmental association providing international broadcast system created in order to run a global satellite system offering satellite capacity on a non discriminatory basis (Morley Robins, 1995). Once again, this proved that the countries with advanced technology have the ability to set and implement the policy agenda. As the global carriers enlarged in number, the United States run operators had to privatize their own satellite systems in order to make the market for satellite services more commercial. These changes made the Transnational Companies (TNC) the highest beneficiaries what resulted in drastic changes in the shape of the new world economy. As expected the biggest world media conglomerates started planning on how to get the highest profit which as a consequence, inspired debate about the deterioration of media plurality and democracy (Thussu, 2006). As a result of these changes a global media sector was formed which made individuals all over the world aware and able to gain knowledge about other countries. Media became a key and for many the only one medium to discover the world. Global Media and Homogenization of Culture The discourse of cultural homogenization presents globalization as synchronization to the demands of a standardized consumer culture, making everywhere seem more or less the same (Tomlinson, 1999: 6). This view sees the impact of global media in the cultural sphere in a very pessimistic manner. Frequently, many believe it to be a powerful tool with an aim to destroy cultural identities (Tomilson, 2003). The kernel of truth stems from the era before global media when there was a strong in form local connection between geographical place and cultural experience which were defining cultural identity. That was a time where individuals identity was just something which they simply had as an existential possession or heritage. Globalization therefore has swept like a flood tide through the worlds diverse cultures, destroying stable localities, displacing peoples [] homogenization of cultural experience (Tomilson, 2003: 269). This anecdote indicates therefore that globalization is some form of destruction for cultural identity and a threat to particular forms of national identity. Homogenization of cultures therefore in a stronger manner means, the appearance of one single culture embracing all people and replacing the variety of other cultural systems that have been present. In a broad sense, this pessimistic idea of the creation of one global culture is called cultural imperialism (Tomlinson, 1999). This theory also was one of the earliest based on cultural globalization which discussed the flow of American values, for example, consumer goods and lifestyles all around the world. Cultural imperialism hence focuses on American domination over Europe of the West over the rest for creation of global culture. There are two visions created out of this view about the global culture. The first is the focus around the Westernization of the world. And the second will be idea of global culture being dominated by capitalism (Tomlinson, 1999). Both of those will be now discussed. Westernization is seen as a drive toward standardization of lifestyle around the world. It is a global spread of a social and cultural totality (Tomlinson, 1999: 90). Europe produced a single world market integrating even the most savage communities into the one machine (Latouche, 1996: 19). One-way cultural currents flood from the countries of the Centre over the entire planet (Latouche, 1996: 20). From the ways how people dress and what they eat to the music that they listened to, culture flows from centers of creation into the Third World through the mass media (newspapers, radio television, films, books, video). All of it is produced and spread worldwide by monopolized, powerful transnational media groups as a result of changes in global media (previously discussed) after 1980s. This flood of cultural products therefore only indicates desires and needs of it recipients. Latouche is calling this process a propaganda as it strangles all cultural activity among the passive recipient s of this messages who read it as the way how they are supposed to live (Latouche, 1996: 21). For Latouche Westernization is thus anti-cultural and driven by desire to create a world of uniform culture. To succeed in their goal the destruction of all other ways of life (that is non-western) is necessary. However, there is a paradox situation in here. West by trying so hard to homogenize the world shall result in loss of its own socio-cultural advantage. Those who believe cultures to be directed towards the process of homogenization also consider it to follow capitalism and therefore the global economy which it defines. These views led phrases like McDonaldization, Coca-colonization or Disneyzation to be born. In particular mentioned concepts refer to the worldwide homogenization of societies throughout the impact of multinational corporations, where all of them are originally exported from America (Pieterse, 2004). In this matter, globalization is connected with market economy, where particular brand images are standardized and distributed all around the world. Many aspects of what one may describe as cultural, from food to global currency can be considered. These are the perfect examples of global capitalist monoculture and cultural synchronization. McDonald has come to occupy a central position in American not only in the business industry, but also in popular culture. It is one of the most powerful and influential developments in our society as it succeeded worldwide. The reason of its high achievements is connected with the fact that it offers consumers, workers, and managers efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control which is necessary in the business industry. As such a powerful institution, it has an impact on a wide range of undertakings and of course the way of life of many individuals in and around the world and its impact is still accelerating. Another irrational effect of McDonaldization is increased homogenization (Ritzer, 2000: 135) as any McDonald restaurant you go to, no matter where it is around the world you know what to expect. You know what kind of products will be offered to you and you can be certain that they will be prepared for you in the same way everywhere (Ritzer, 2000). On the other hand, there are many nations which invaded the McDonalds business model to develop indigenous versions. Therefore by some it is seen more as a global localization or hybridisation rather than homogenization. This will be discussed in the latter part of this paper. Globalization as hybridisation and deterritorialization Prior to understanding the concept of hybridisation it is wise to make clear that it does not refer to total deprivation of own national identity. Contrarily it emulates a potential of benefiting from other cultures and incorporating new knowledge with the old one side by side. We cannot discuss the aspect of hybridisation without analysing the deterritorialization of cultural heritage. By deterritorialization is meant not only the travel and transformation of culture but also everbroadening horizon of mundane experience (Tomilson, 1999, cited in Xue, 2008: 113). Therefore, this flow of deterritorialized cultures allows transforming other cultures more accurately producing new ones by hybridity (Xue, 2008). The deterritorializing character of the globalization process is its property of diminishing the significance of socialgeographical location to the mundane flow of cultural experience (Tomlinson, 2003: 273). What has to be understood from these definitions is that there was a transformation made in our usual model of cultural existence which now brings globalized influences into our locally situated in our countries lifeworld. For example, many different satellite channels broadcasts different genres which are likely to influence general perception of in dividuals taste. Fashion TV for instance demonstrates the mainstream transfer of whats hot, and whats not, signaling fashion trends from major fashion runway shows across the world and therefore influencing individuals style (Tomlinson, 2003). Pieterse (2004) sees hybridisation as the solvent between the polar perspectives (Pieterse, 2004: 57) as this concept gains the meaning from relationship between homogenization and polarization. Within society there is a group of people called cosmopolitans, who are open-minded to embrace some changes, are able to settle in other cultures or are willing to completely loose their personal identity (homogenization). On the other hand, there are fundamentalists who believe that the world should stay with traditions and cultures remaining unchanged. These beliefs can be called polarization. As a result people who believe in hybridization neither deny changes completely, nor absorb fully in new cultures they were introduced to. They essentially form a stance on the mid-point (Pieterse, 2004). Hybridisation brings transformations to cultures. It is the cut n mix of cultural forms in the process of globalization. It refers to the growth of culture which it occurs when a cultural product incorporates and combines different cultural practices (Pieterse, 2004). There is a lot of evidence strengthening the thesis which now will be analysed. As mentioned earlier, McDonalds, in terms of homogenisation of society, can also act as a good example of hybridization. Fusion cuisine means the creation of indigenous versions on terms of the choice of foods in order to adapt to local conditions. In Norway there is a sandwich called McLaks with grilled salmon, while in Japan you may order chicken Tatsuta with fried chicken, cabbage spiced with soy sauce and ginger. Italy provides pasta with their burgers, while in Germany you may order a beer with your meal (Ritzer, 2000). All of these are unique cultural adaptations which hence acknowledge that foods choices must be tailored to meet a variety of needs expected in specific cultures around the world. By the same token restaurants also adapt the way it operates to local social environment. As stands, in Hong Kong food chains are tailored around the need for teenagers to hang and socialize. Conversely in Taiwan it is a rare public space not dominated by men as it did not develop from traditional Chinese cultural structures where men have more rights than women (Ritzer, 2000). This blending of local features into global products has been called glocalisation as the global and local is reinforcing (Lull, 2000: 252). Another conglomerate which is dominating in the world is Viacom, the owners of MTV. The channel distributes in over 82 countries and actively promotes: think globally, act locally. In the different countries it is broadcasted, tailored versions of the channel are offered to meet the tastes of customers. For instance, through the aspect of localization MTV Asia came to existence as a result of joint venture between Rupert Murdochs Star television and Viacom in 1992. The language used by network is Hinglish which is a hybrid language of Hindu and English (Herman McChesney, 1997). Globalization as a process of hybridization gives rise to a global mlange (Pieterse, 1993: 1) where the cultures are mixing and borrowing some elements from each other. Conclusion For the past 20 years we were facing dramatic changes in our world being result of globalisation processes. Improvements in technology and telecommunications made free flow of information possible. The world market became dominated by USA and some of the Western countries. Privatization had an impact on more competition and the formation of strong TNCs. Western countries became powerful through investments in infrastructures. Developments in communication services paved the way for global media therefore open the door of the world for many people what resulted in either hybridization or homogenization of national identities and cultures. Some may see it as negative changes, others will disagree. There are also those who as Tomlinson believe that globalization produces a globalized culture rather than a global culture (Xue, 2008). However no matter what point of view one will chose there is no doubt that global media are affecting many nations and their identities and cultures. Words: 2,510

Amadeus Movie Review Essay

The title of the movie should actually be â€Å"Salieri†, because the whole movie is really about his jealousy of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and how Salieri was overshadowed musically by Mozart. In the beginning, Salieri makes a â€Å"deal† with God so He will make Salieri a musical genius, and Salieri believes he has been granted this gift until the day Mozart comes to Vienna. Salieri immediately becomes jealous that God has bestowed upon Mozart the power he himself worked so desperately to achieve. From that point on, Salieri becomes obsessed with conspiring against Mozart, at one point paying a maid to go to Mozart’s place to spy while she is cleaning and report back to him. Eventually, though indirectly, Salieri kills Mozart. The major theme in this movie is the jealousy of Salieri, and how it consumed his every waking thought. It is somewhat depressing because it also shows all the hard work of Salieri with no success and the ease of Mozart’s ability when to him composing music is quite easy. Though the plot is fairly realistic, it is not completely historically accurate. Mozart was even more rambunctious and childish than portrayed in the film, and the ending is dramatized for the â€Å"Hollywood effect.† The acting though, is very well done. Director Milos Forman did a great job directing F. Murray Abraham (Salieri) and Tom Hulce (Mozart) to stardom. They make the two and half-hours of wigs, wigs, opera, and more wigs bearable. Together they bring the silver screen alive and take us from our era into that of Mozart very seamlessly. The sets are amazing, with great attention to detail and depth. The scenes where the operas take place are very well set up, and they fit in nicely with the time period. The costumes, too, are quite the feat. The many layers (of the women’s costumes especially) look extremely complicated to make, and the scene at the party where Mozart plays the piano upside-down showcases these costumes beautifully. I don’t know if I am more impressed by the designers or the actors and actresses who wore them because they look so hot! The wigs are a defining part of the costumes in the film. The most striking reasons these are so appealing and dramatic are that they are so big and almost appallingly white. Some of the Women’s wigs are even topped  with a huge hat to match the dress or some other exotic object. If you don’t watch this movie for any other reason, watch it for the costumes. The makeup artist did a good job, but nothing spectacular or worth highlighting. There aren’t many special effects, so adding some in there may have made the movie that much more enjoyable. Overall, I give the movie 1  ½ stars, because the actors really knew their stuff but the plot wasn’t all that entertaining. I think the best part overall was Mozart’s laugh, and the soundtrack was really very enjoyable. I recommend this film to those who wish to learn more about Salieri, and not Mozart, because the movie doesn’t really focus much on him. Rent this film if you have absolutely nothing else to do on a Saturday night but you probably won’t be able to finish watching it unless you’re a major cultural history junkie. Other than that, a note to the intended audiences (like I said, the culture gurus): enjoy! To the casual moviegoer who likes action or romance: beware- you probably won’t be able to watch the whole 160 minutes of Amadeus.

Novelist Charles Dickens Essay

What impression does Dickens give of Miss Havisham and Estella in Chapter 8 of â€Å"Great Expectation† and how does he achieve this? The story is set in the Victorian times. It is written by a novelist called Charles Dickens. It is about an orphan called â€Å"Pip†, who is reminiscing on his past. The novel is written in a 1st person narrative perspective. Chapter 8 fits into the rest of the novel because it is about how Pip learns the way of life and the road to being a gentleman. Pip gets into debt and receives money from a childhood acquaintance – Magwitch, an escaped convict. During the novel we not only see Pip’s life we also follow the life of his love, Estella. After falling into debt and running away from the consequences of his reckless actions, Pip realizes that he can no longer be a real gentleman. The first meeting Pip has with Miss Havisham and Estella has a big impact on Pip because it changes his life by showing him exactly how much of a lower class person he is compared to Miss Havisham and Estella. Dickens makes Miss Havisham seem rich, but poor, and scary by the way he describes the outside of her house. He uses irony to describe Miss Havisham’s house, saying that the house â€Å"was of old bricks, dismal and had a great many iron bars to it. † This makes Miss Havisham look scary and the house look broken because the phrase â€Å"had a great many iron bars to it† suggests that whatever is in there, has been locked up and is not allowed out of there. The use of â€Å"old bricks† suggests that the house it tatty and hasn’t been refurbished in a long time. It also suggests that Miss Havisham is poor because if she were rich, she would have gotten the houses bricks fixed. The word â€Å"Dismal† suggests that the house is gloomy and of poor quality. The phrase â€Å"had a great many iron bars to it† could also mean that Miss Havisham doesn’t want to be disturbed and doesn’t want to be involved with the outside world. Dickens also uses Miss Havisham’s room to show the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher class citizen than Pip. He does this by using phrases like â€Å"all clocks and watches stopped at twenty to nine† and â€Å"dresses lying around† and also â€Å"no glimpse of daylight could be seen†. The phrase â€Å"all clocks and watches stopped at twenty to nine† shows the reader that Miss Havisham might be mentally disturbed because normally people would make sure at least one clock works, but in this case none of the clocks work and all of them happen to have stopped exactly twenty minutes to nine. However, the phrase â€Å"dresses lying around† could suggest that Miss Havisham doesn’t know how to clean and could also suggest that there was once a lot of people there but not anymore. â€Å"No glimpse of daylight could be seen† indicates to the reader that the house is very dark inside and it is abandoned. It could also mean that whatever lives there has been trapped. This is a perfect use of irony because normally a rich person would have a house that didn’t have iron bars on the front and also they would have a tidy, clean and under control house, but although Miss Havisham is rich her house is nothing like what you would expect from a rich and upper class person. Dickens uses the characters to give an impression of Miss Havisham and Estella. He uses sentences like â€Å"Dressed in rich materials† and â€Å"satins, and lace and silks – all of white†, â€Å"Bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands† and â€Å"I had been taken to see some ghastly waxwork†. The phase â€Å"rich materials† implies to the reader Miss Havisham is rich and she can afford the materials that are in her dresses. Also the use of â€Å"satins, and lace and silks – all of white† suggests to the reader that Miss Havisham is a ghostly and spiritless character with no human emotions. The phrase â€Å"Bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands† could also suggest that Miss Havisham is rich because they â€Å"sparkle† and she likes to show off by wearing the jewels on her neck and her hands. However, â€Å"ghastly waxwork† shows the reader that Miss Havisham’s body has not moved for ages and therefore is rotting and therefore it has turned into a waxwork. The word ghastly implies to the reader that Miss Havisham body is informal and unpleasant. The irony is that you wouldn’t expect someone as rich as Miss Havisham to look informal or unpleasant when they have guests. On the other hand the word ghastly could mean that Miss Havisham is ill and can’t afford medical care. One way Dickens makes Miss Havisham look rich but poor at the same time is by the things he says she does. He says she sits in the dark â€Å"corpse like† and that she â€Å"watches Pip and Estella play†. The use of corpse indicates that Miss Havisham is dead. The phrase â€Å"watches Pip and Estella play† suggests that Miss Havisham enjoys watching the children play and that even though she is rich, and therefore should have a nanny for the children, she still doesn’t mind watching the children even if it might affect her social status. However the phrase corpse like could suggest that Miss Havisham isn’t dead but wants to be dead. Dickens also shows the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher social status than Pip by the way she says things. For example instead of calling him Pip, Miss Havisham calls him â€Å"boy† Also, she says â€Å"Who is it†¦ Pip? † as if she didn’t know it was him that came even though she asked for him to come. The use of â€Å"boy† suggests to the reader that Miss Havisham is of a higher social status than Pip because in the Victorian times a person who is of a higher social status usually didn’t call a person who is of a lower social status by their name. Also, the way Miss Havisham doesn’t recognize Pip even though she asked for him suggests that she doesn’t remember much. However, the use of â€Å"boy† could also suggest that Miss Havisham doesn’t have the decency to call Pip by his name because he is a guest at her house and guests should be treated with respect. Dickens gives the impression that Estella is a good-looking girl and that Pip likes her. He does this by using phrases like â€Å"young lady, who was very pretty† and â€Å"her light came along the dark passage like a star†. â€Å"Young lady, who was very pretty† emphasizes the point that Estella is an attractive girl because the word â€Å"pretty† means pleasing to look at and that is exactly what Pip thinks when he looks at her for the first time. However the use of â€Å"her light came along the dark passage like a star† could suggest that Estella is attractive to look at but is also blinding in a bad way because a star is pretty but if you were close to it or stared at it for a long time it could make you go blind. Dickens gives us the impression that Estella is evil because she â€Å"stands in the dark passageway until called repeatedly† and she â€Å"chucked food at me as if I were a dog† The phrase â€Å"stands in the dark passageway until called repeatedly† indicates that she likes the dark because she is evil and she doesn’t come as soon as she is called, she comes after being called â€Å"repeatedly†. Also, the phrase â€Å"chucked food at me as if I were a dog† suggests that Estella is evil because you would expect a normal person to give food to another person with respect and into their hands but Estella â€Å"chucks† the food at Pip as if he were a â€Å"dog†. Dickens shows us how the upper class liked to insult or find the fault in everything a lower class person does. Estella insults and intimidates Pip as shown by â€Å"I misdealt, as way only natural when I knew she way lying in wait for me to do wrong† and â€Å"she denounced me for a stupid, clumsy labouringly boy†. This shows the reader how Estella had been trained to look for the fault in people and to be cruel. However the use of â€Å"I misdealt, as way only natural when I knew she was lying in wait for me to do wrong† could suggest to the reader that Estella is impatient and can’t be bothered to play with someone who is of a lower social status than her. Dickens describes many feelings of Pip’s which change throughout the visit. This is shown by â€Å"I think she is very pretty† and â€Å"I think she is very insulting†. This is what Pip whispers into Miss Havisham’s ear about Estella. This also shows that he has mixed feelings for Estella. Dickens further describes Pip’s feelings about the visit â€Å"as if I were a dog in disgrace. I was so humiliated, hurt, spurned, offended, angry, sorry – I cannot hit upon the right name for the smart – God knows what its name was – that the tears started to my eyes† and â€Å"as I cried, I kicked the wall, and took a name, that needed counteraction†. This clearly highlights Pip’s feeling to the reader. He feels a huge amount of rage that he cannot even describe it himself. He has never felt in such a way before as he has been insulted and offended about it his natural social state and at the same time has mixed feelings about what he feels for Estella.

Women s Role During Wwii - 1345 Words

Women’s Role During WWII 1939-1945 Men were leaving, people were fighting, and many were dying. World War II was one of the hardest times, and during that difficult time, women stepped up their roles and had a huge impact during the war. The women during World II in the United States and in Europe impacted the war by taking different jobs and becoming employed in the workforce, working in the home with normal household responsibilities while supporting the men oversees, and entering into the military with sacrifice. There were many ways the European and United States women helped the war. With that being said, when the demand for male workers for jobs were not enough, many women stepped into the number of occupations that were opened.†¦show more content†¦Government campaigns stressed the message that women needed to sustain their â€Å"feminity† so they provided beautiful posters of feminine women who were nicely groomed as nurses, volunteers, or factory workers. Additionally in Europe as well as the United States, â€Å"Attempts were made to maintain the boundary between masculinity and femininity.† In the United States and Europe many women stepped in opened occupations, media affected women greatly, and even though women were raised in a feminine way they still entered the workforce and volunteered for military service. Second, the women’s work in the home is so beneficial, because it helped the national defense effort and gave support for the war. Many women showed their sacrifice and patriotism â€Å"on the home front† by facing several challenges, such as raising children and singly taking care of the home by themselves. These â€Å"heroes of the home front† sustained the highest quality of living they could possibly do for themselves and for their families. For example, in the article American Women’s Wartime Dress: Sociocultural Ambiguity Regarding Women’s Roles During World War II says that women in America became heroes on the home front. Also, it was stated that Britain women is seen as the home front as a legitimate duty. There was no doubt that women in America and in Europe took the home front responsibilities very seriously with all the challenges that brought. Next, homemakers helped the national defense effortShow MoreRelatedGender Equality And Equal Opportunity1664 Words   |  7 PagesWomen during WWII were confused about their roles in the war. There were two common attitudes women in the 1940’s had towards the war. On one hand women felt inspired to rise to the challenge and fill the void left by men. On the other hand, some women felt, â€Å"cheated,† and unable to carry on due to the absence of men. 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Diversity Of Income An Organization - 1644 Words

Diversity of income: it has been revealed that continued reliance on charity, though sufficient, has limited the work that the center is able to do. By transforming the center into a profitable business where charity income becomes another option rather than the only option, the center can be able to dictate its day to day operations much better. This means transforming the culture of the center, so that focus is on limiting costs while at the same time increasing quality in order to generate higher profits. It has been noted that the center has often focused more on attracting donors rather than attracting more clients. More clients would mean more income which in turn translates to profits, which can be re-invested to generate further income. At the current state, the patient caters for the surplus in terms of costs. This makes the center too costly for the average patients who are most affected by the disease. By decreasing the cost of treatment while at the same time decreasing c osts, the center can transform to a profitable business (Cohen, 1995). Focus on patient care: the history of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center shows clearly that the center was first built on the premise of caring and treating cancer patients. The research center followed with the vision of the hospital directed at being the first in terms of treatment and care of cancer patients. Today however, focus has shifted so that research has taken the forefront at the expense of care and treatmentShow MoreRelatedDiversity On The Walgreens Company1683 Words   |  7 PagesDiversity on the Walgreens Company Website The Walgreens Drug Store Company has about 8100 stores in all America, which makes the store very accessible to the public. The Walgreens stores are located deeper in the communities and touch many lives. 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Personal Practice Framework in Cases of Trauma-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePersonal Practice Framework in Cases of Trauma. Answer: Introduction: Trauma can be defined the significant type of damage to the psyche of an individual facilitated by the result of a severely distressing event. On a more elaborative note, it can be mentioned that the disastrous event can leave behind a severe aftermath in the psychological perception and understanding of an individual which can alter The cognitive functioning and thought process of a person, and the severity to which trauma can affect the psychology of a person depends on individual psychological characteristics of that person (Farrell, 2015). Any distressing life event can facility trauma it can be a disaster such as earthquakes are tornadoes or man-made catastrophes or brutal events as well. There are various different kinds of effects that a traumatic event can lead to, such as anxiety and depression and post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. It has to be mentioned in this context that has the most impactful effect on the psyche of a particular individual that has gone through a significant trauma. Hence it is crucial for the care planning and management involving trauma patients to be extensive detailed and as patient centred as possible. There are various resilience frameworks or care what is aligned to the needs of PTSD patients or any individual that has gone through a particularly significant trauma (Farrell, Evershed Davidson, 2016). This assignment will attempt to focus on one of the residents frameworks fit for the trauma condition taking the target population of detention Centre children and the trauma they face while being held in the detention centre. Detention Centre and Trauma: The environment in the detention center and the struggles that the children go through while being in detention centre, deteriorates their mental stability and sanity. As per the investigation report by the Smith (2016), these children are often subjected to torture, starvation, physical and sexual violation in the country of origin and in transit. And as a result the harsh and delimiting condition of the detention centres causes intrinsic damage to the cognitive health of the children. As illustrated by the Elliott and Gunasekera (2016), this acute mental distress caused on the children for the detention centre environment has been reported to have a lifelong aftermath in the form of post traumatic stress disorder, depression and behavioural disorders. According to the report published by The Forgotten children, the Australian government initiative for protecting the human rights and best interest of the children in detention centre, close to one third of the detention center childr en in Australia living with chronic mental distress and post traumatic stress disorder that require extensive psychiatric support (Triggs, 2015). Elaborating on the impact of the varied range of different stressful environment on the children, it has to be mentioned that chronic pain and stress has a distinct Pathology in human psychological development. As the children have still developing psyche and cognition, exposure to long-term and chronic distress can lead to altered cognitive development in pathways triggering higher violence and fight response in the children. On a more elaborative note, it has to be mentioned that the growing brains are far more vulnerable and as a result repeated trauma results in alteration of the childrens enduring hormonal functionality and the brain development, especially targeting the cortisol pathways (Muntean Cojocaru, 2016). It has to be mentioned in this context that many researchers have found the detrimental impact of the detention environment has been shown to alter the cortisol levels in the detained children. Along with that it also has been discovered that the cortisol hormone levels are associated with stress response, and is crucially related to the depression pathway of the detained children. On the other hand it has to be mentioned that the detention Centre environment is also associated with extreme environmental deprivation and scarcity of basic necessities. The living condition of such detentions and terms are stark and below normal standards. Many reports have also commented on the torture and physical assault that these children are subjected to in the detention centre. The impact of the distress caused by torture and deprivation has also been accounted to be the major contributing factor behind the mental distress and psychological disorders experienced in these children. The detention c entres cannot provide the children with adequate amount of food, clothes and other basic necessities (Brooker et al., 2016). The detention Centre children often are subjected to Extreme low quality living and have to fight for the basic necessities that they have a right to. The constant torture and deprivation leads them to depression anxiety post traumatic stress disorder and behavioural disorders which extend far into the future. Hence in order to provide psychiatric support that they need there is need for a detailed and extensive practice Framework that takes into consideration is every need and demand of the storage and how it can be fulfilled with utmost cultural safety and dignity (Earnest et al., 2015). Resilience Framework as the personal framework: According to Slobodin and de Jong (2015), for any psychodynamic framework, the outcome of grieving process is associated with many external and internal factors, which is incorporated with the understanding of how grief and trauma affects people can be integrated into the care planning and therapeutic Processing which can target the exact need of each traumatized individual and lead them towards their recovery planning with much more clarity and effectiveness. Researchers are of the opinion that conceptualization of a stressful event indicates grief to be a major source of stress which leads to depression as its most likely outcome. It is the most efficient and easy framework to understand the pathology taken by such traumatic stress disorder on the depression and other psychiatric symptoms in the victims. According to the authors the relationship between grief and depression is a cause and effect relationship and in order to target the grief causing factors in any person telling wit h a traumatizing life event mediators like cooking skill social support and positive all negative appraisal of the situation can be employed (Boynton Vis, 2011). Derivatives stress and coping models that has been abundantly used by researchers and clinical psychologist to target the traumatized patients and their post traumatic stress disorder or other psychiatric disorder facilitated by the traumatic event and the grief associated with it. One example of such coping strategies can be adaptive coping strategy, which encourages the victims to accept the feelings of loss, so that the victim can recognise their own identity, social relationships and day-to-day living. Is coping strategy helps the victim optimise the effect of loss and bereavement and in turn help the victim to reinstate in new commitments towards life intern reducing the physical emotional social and spiritual impact of bereavement. According to the Smith (2008) positive emotional approach to handling loss 3 for berea vement can result in positive outcomes for the victim dealing with loss. Hence adaptive coping strategy can be an effective model for care planning and therapeutic intervention that can help the trauma victim associate positive outlook with the loss and bereavement that the patient is going through. Similarly another very common stress coping model can be the deficit model for partner loss which characterizes grief as the impact of bereavement of a closed family member or a spouse. Although this models are very effective in addressing one or the other impact of tree for stress this what is cannot be applied to the extensive and detailed area of stress and trauma that the children in the detention centre face. Along with the grief of loss or bereavement or separation, these children are subjected to many other stressors. Hence it can be concluded that they require an extensive and collaborative Framework that can fit all the different factors associated with the stress that they go t hrough and the trauma that it results into. Interventions when working with children who have faced detention experience: In order to design interventions and therapeutic management in order to enhance the psychological health and cognitive development of the these children that are going through any psychotic disorder or simply are going through and extremely stressful traumatic event, recovery oriented framework is very important. Among the various options available for coping framework or model that can be used in this scenario the resilience framework has been reported to be the best fit for traumatized children in the detention centres. Exploring more, resilience can be defined as a behavioral competence, functional patterns, and cultural capacities of an individual that he or she can use in any adverse life isn't to turn the adversity into a condition that serves as a catalyst for growth and development. This Framework is associated with four main elements, background characteristics, adversity characteristics, capacities, and outcome which in this case is mental and physical well being of the vic tim. The behavioral characteristics comprises of gender, age, race/ethnicity, developmental phase, nature of the relationship, and family structure of both the person grieving and the grieved. Adversities is the traumatic event or stressors. Capacities can be the personal, family, social, cultural, and community resources of the bereaved person. And lastly, the outcome measurement is based on growth, development, healing, accommodation, or integration of the loss (Hooyman Kramer, 2010). When applied to the condition of the detention Centre children, the bereavement or loss is multifaceted. These children have sustained loss of their native plant, separation from the environment that they felt comfortable in, and most importantly separation from the loved ones that they have known all of their life including their family and friends. Applying the first element of the resilient framework, under the context of background characteristics first and foremost the gender of the victim has to be taken into account. It has been reported that there is a distinct difference between the response and acceptance of grief in male and female. Although it also has to be incorporated in this context that the extent of violence and torture is also a little higher for the female children in detention centre (Hooyman Kramer, 2010). Hence the intervention planning should also have to incorporate the general characteristics of the children. Secondly age and developmental face also plays a pivotal role in the manner that a child can perceive and accept the grieving process. Hence the interventions should also match the age and development is phase of the child depending on the stages of cognitive and psychosocial development of the child is in according to different models such as eric's eight stages of psychosocial development. Nestle by far the most important factor with background characteristics is the addressing the ethnicity and cultural competence of the detention children. In many cases the successful implementation and response rates of different psychotherapeutic plants and behavioral therapeutic interventions due to the lack of cultural safety and culturally appropriate approach to the implementation procedure. Hands when planning intervention for the detention center children the cultural background and ethnic of traditional norms should also be taken into account. In this case body language and privacy how to wearing major issues that offer neglected whi le planning and implementing the care for the detention center children. In many cultural backgrounds, certain westernized body language and gestures and considered offensive and culturally of inappropriate. Healthcare has to be taken to incorporate these traditional factors so that the children are not offended, most preferably in the presence of a culture relation officer and language expert (Walter, 2017). II characteristics the adversity according to the resilience Framework is the condition of suffering. In this step the care provider will have to explode the nature of the loss or trauma and accumulation of past losses and traumatic events that led to the response that the patient is having. In the next section the care professionals will look at the capacities of the trauma victim and will attempt to build on those capacities to help him or her deal with the stress and revert back to normal and healthy living. This capacity include personal cognitive ability competence focus tendency of self blaming religious and spiritual beliefs, ethnic identity adaptation capacity ritual associated with grief and loss family systems and roles social support Peer Groups for various social integration and relationship with the loss is needed to be included. When planning the intervention the care provider will have to explore each and every aspect of the capacities that the victim may have and desi gn a therapeutic management plan that will utilize the strength of the patient and either camouflage or rectify the weakness is found in this exploration procedure. Lastly the culmination of the previous 3 steps is the outcome, which will eat the victim towards a healthy Lifestyle with optimal cognitive and Physical health (Hooyman Kramer, 2010). Conclusion: Every year a vast variety of different asylum seekers and refugees immigrate towards the Australian continents where they are detained under the law and legislations protecting the citizens of Australia. There are shelter and protection given to The Asylum seekers and refugees in the detention centre after the protection policies of Australian government however the environment of the detention centres I want to have a significant impact on the psychological development and mental sanity of the inhabitants of the detention centre. The most of the impact on the psychological health is for the children that are detained in the detention centres. The environment of the detention centres have reported to be brutal and filled with different uncertainties,and the combination of all these factors facilitate cognitive damage to the children with highly impressionable minds. This essay discussed how the resilience framework can be used in order to plan and implement curated interventions for these children and the benefits these framework can provide to improve he future of these unfortunate innocent children. Reference: Boynton, H. M. expressive therapies: Pathways to processing grief with children. Boynton, H. M., Vis, J. (2011). Meaning making, spirituality, and creative expressive therapies: Pathway to processing grief with children.Counseling and Spirituality,30(2), 137-159. Brooker, S., Albert, S., Young, P., Steel, Z. (2016). Challenges to providing mental health care in immigration detention.Geneva: Global Detention Project. Earnest, J., Mansi, R., Bayati, S., Earnest, J. A., Thompson, S. C. (2015). Resettlement experiences and resilience in refugee youth in Perth, Western Australia.BMC research notes,8(1), 236. Elliott, E. J., Gunasekera, H. (2016).The Health and Well-being of Children in Immigration Detention: Report to the Australian Human Rights Commission: Monitoring Visit to Wickham Point Detention Centre, Darwin, NT, October 16th-18th 2015. Australian Human Rights Commission. Farrell, P. (2015). Police carry out more raids on Save the Children staff at Nauru detention centre.The Guardian Australia. Farrell, P., Evershed, N., Davidson, H. (2016). The Nauru files: cache of 2,000 leaked reports reveal scale of abuse of children in Australian offshore detention.The Guardian,10(8), 16. Hooyman, N. R., Kramer, B. J. (2010).Living through loss: Interventions across the life span. Columbia University Press. Muntean, A., Cojocaru, S. (2016). Resilience of Children Behind Bars.Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala,52. Muselman, D. M., Wiggins, M. I. (2012). Spirituality and loss: Approaches for counseling grieving adolescents.Counseling and Values,57(2), 229-240. Robillard, A. G., Holliday, R. C., Dehart, D. D., Lewis, K., Rutherford, Y., Amutah, N. N. (2016). An exploratory study examining risk communication among adolescent children, their incarcerated mothers, and their caregivers.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved,27(2), 101-119. Slobodin, O., de Jong, J. T. (2015). Mental health interventions for traumatized asylum seekers and refugees: What do we know about their efficacy?.International Journal of Social Psychiatry,61(1), 17-26. Smith, C. (2008). Nancy R. Hooyman and Betty J. Kramer Living through Loss: Interventions across the Life Span: New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, 512 pp.,(hbk), 42, ISBN 0321122462.Journal of Social Work,8(2), 203-205. Smith, P. (2016). Australian doctors condemn" horrific" treatment of children in juvenile detention.BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online),354. Triggs, G. (2015). The forgotten children: national inquiry into children in immigration detention 2014.MJA,202(11), 553-555. Walter, C. A. (2017). Understanding loss: A guide for caring for those facing adversity by Judith Murray.